An Giang ranks second among provinces in the Mekong Delta in terms of food production and freshwater fish farming, in 2021 An Giang contributes 17.03% of total food production and 21.82% of total farming fish production in the Mekong Delta. Climate change, sea level rise, and the extend upstream developments for agriculture and hydropower have greatly affected the flow to the delta in both the flood season and the dry season in recent years. From 2003 up to now, except a large flood in 2011, the remaining years are small and very small floods. Droughts, water shortages and saltwater intrusion are increasing, especially in the dry seasons of 2015–2016 and 2019–2020. An Giang is the first province to receive water form the Mekong River Basin, that is considered to have more advantages then other provinces, so there are few studies showing threats to production for An Giang. By using of a number of methods to calculate water balance for An Giang: application of IQQM, a basin simulation models to calculate water demand; applying MIKE 11 model to calculate hydraulics and saline intrusion; Calculating the water exploitation index, the study has shown that the current water use in the dry months at 99.1÷187.6 m3/s has reached the critical state/excess at the threshold. It is recommended that there is water stress in the mean hydrological year or quite water stress in February and March in the drought year. The paper makes some recommendations on orientations and solutions for sustainable agricultural development in An Giang province.