Trade unions play a central role in safeguarding employee interests, facilitating organizational communication, and serving as representatives for workers. They also actively participate in the management and regulation of welfare systems. To effectively fulfill these functions, especially in guaranteeing social security for employees, strategic financial management within trade unions is crucial. This involves ensuring a minimum income, enhancing risk management capabilities, securing equitable income distribution, promoting sustainable employment, developing labor markets as well as improving the overall efficiency of social governance for workers. This article provides an in-depth analysis of how trade union financial strategies impact the assurance of social security for employees in Vietnamese enterprises.