This article approached the theory of social institutions to clarify the contemporary commune organisation in the case of Hoa ethnic groups living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The author used four main research methods, namely, the theories of social institutions in anthropology, fact-finding methods in collecting documents and interview, historiology methods, and interdisciplinary methods. The results show that there are three Hoa people social institutions, namely, compatriot groups, kinship groups, and protégé groups. These mechanisms are compatible with political authority in the role of governance and management. Also, this article focuses on proposing realistic solutions to stabilise and reinforce Hoa ethnic people's social institutions in the context of modernisation in Ho Chi Minh City. Particularly, Hoa ethnic groups should strongly connect with their posterity in cultural preservation and social stability. Besides, they should enhance their solidarity in various groups of Hoa ethnic people to maintain their consolidation and contribute to diversifying the local identities of Ho Chi Minh City in the future.