Binh Duong province plays an essential role in an overall development strategy and is an economic-social, political, cultural, and educational center in Vietnam. Along with the outstanding economic development, Binh Duong province has been facing air quality deterioration issues, especially PM2.5 pollution. This study aims to assess the acute public health impacts of PM2.5 exposure throughout January 2019 and July 2019. To estimate PM2.5 distributions, a model system including the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) combined with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) and health impact models are applied for quantitative analysis and assessment. The outcomes reported that the total number of cases could be up to 3,628 hospitalizations for inpatient treatment and 5,980 emergency visits. Furthermore, the research framework can be applied to various other localities in Vietnam to assess the effect of PM2.5 pollution. Simultaneously, this is also a preliminary scientific basis for environmental managers to propose measures of PM2.5 pollution control and develop a clean air action plan to minimize negative impacts on public health and obtain economic benefits for sustainable development goals towards 2030.