To evaluate the axonal injury and to predict the motor function recovery in supratentorial acute ischemic stroke patients. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 31 patients, who had a supratentorial ischemic stroke within seven days, and had an MRI at Bach Mai hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. Result:The proportion of male patients with ischemic stroke predominated (61,3%). Hemiplegia was the most common symptom in ischemic stroke which damaged the path of corticospinal tract. At three months after stroke,no patient had severe NIHSS score (0%); the percentage of patients with mild NIHSS and moderate NIHSS was 61,3% and 38,7%, respectively. According mRS, 25 patients (80,6%) recovered well after three months.The patient group, who had the axons did not go through the infarct lesion, were higher at the rate of better motor function recovery after three months than the other groups who had the axons go through partly or completely inside the infartion lesion (respective rates were 64,5% and 16,1%); p<0,05. FA index of the axons in the infarct side of the poor recovery group was smaller than the well recovery group, p<0.05. Conclusion: The axonal signal, location versus the infarct lesion, and FA index of the axons in the infarct side are the factors that significantly predictive of motor recovery after three months in ischemic stroke patients.