The authors has studied over 400 fishermen (348 diving fishermen and 52 owners) at 9 coastal wards and villages coastal of Khanh Hoa provine (Vinh Nguyen Ward, Phuoc Dong Village of Nha Trang); Ninh Hai village, Ninh Phuoc village and Ninh Ich Village of Ninh Hoa town; Van Hung Ward of Van Ninh district. The results shows: 1. Causes of diving accidents. Only few of fishermen trained in safe diving (2 percent). Fishermen dive deeply, diving in many hours a day (5.06 + or - 2.75 h), many days of the months (20.14 + or - 6.66 day) and almost every months of the year (8.84 + or - 0.26 month) but lack of labor protection conditions. Compressed air system is unsafe to breathe (64.5 percent), high rate of broken (47 percent), folded air hose (46.8 percent). Fishermen have to came up to the surface quickly due to fishermen do not know the guidelines (98.2 percent) so diving accidents occur with a high rate (78.8 percent). 2. Identify the diseases of Khanh Hoa's fishermen. Dental disease (82 percent), diving accidents (78.8 percent); Syndrome nerves, muscles, bones, joints (78.3 percent); ENT Disease (53.8 percent: nosebleed; puncture the eardrum ears, puncture the right atrium, the left atrial perforation); diseases of the eyes (25 percent); high blood pressure,cardiovascular disease (15 percent), gastrointestinal disease (4.3 percent), diseases of skin and subcutaneous system (1.8 percent), respiratol}' disease (0.8 percent), urinal}' diseases (0.8 percent). 3. The diving accidents: Diving accidents (78.8 percent); bone and bond joints injul}', muscle atrophy (78.3 percent), puncture the eardrum ears (62.5 percent: ringing in the ears (58 percent); puncture the right atrium, the left atrial petforation (34.3 percent); suspected occupational deafness (14.8 percent); lost hearing (26.7 percent); nosebleed (37.5 percent); difficulty breathing, chest pain (50 percent), severe abdominal pain (11.8 percent); paralysis (5.3 percent): hand paralysis (1 percent) , legs paralysis (1.3 percent).
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