The overwhealming majority of the Na Hang Nature Reserve area (ca. 22,000ha) is covered by more or less disturbed primary closed evergreen seasonal tropical lowland and submontane forest communities on limestone mountains, from 70 to 1,067m a.s.l. Out of 189 species (at most 20 percent of the total number of total expected to be here species) of higher vascular plants recognized from 720 collecting numbers of specimens 31 threatened plant species are listed (16 percent) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, 2011, Version 9.0. They comprise one Critically Endangered species (Paphiopedilum hangianum, 12 Endangered species (4 timber trees Excentrodendron tonkinense, Garcinia fagraeoides, Fernandoa. brilletii and Pinus hwangshanensis, 3 medicinal orchids- Anoectochilus calcareus, A. roxburghii and Odontochilus elwesii, 3 ornamental slipper orchids- Paphiopedilum malipoense, P. tranlienianum and P. purpuratum and two new to science local endemic species- Aspidistra campanulata and Begonia nahangensis, known only in type locality) and 18 Vulnerable species. The third new to science species is Cycas doiichophylla, Three primary plant communities, namely the closed evergreen seasonal tropical lowland and submontane forests on slopes of limestone mountains with the dominance of Excentrodendron tonkinense, and two closed evergreen seasonal tropical submontane forests on ridges of limestone mountains with the dominance of Pinus hwangshanensis or of Dacrydium elatum are needed be protected in priority as a whole ecosystem for all known threatened plants species and other aborigenous elements as well as for other wild life forms.
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