This study aims to assess the adoption of fair value accounting (FVA) in Vietnam, and to forecast factors (benefits, difficulties, personnel, laws, markets) affecting FVA application in Vietnamese listed companies. Using multivariate regression analysis to assess the impact of each factor on the application of FVA in Vietnam, by implementing a survey of 100 accountants and directors of Vietnamese listed companies. The research results show that human resource factors have the strongest positive impact on FVA application, followed by benefit factor. The factors of difficulties negatively affect this application. And, the active market factors have contradictory impacts between these two groups of enterprises. Our findings provide the significant perspectives of applying FVA in Vietnamese companies, as well as different recommendations to Vietnamese policy makers in developing the legal accounting framework.