Due to the electricity demand changing, different from the previous forecast, in the direction of disadvantage for hydropower and electricity resource exploitation. The electricity market operates under competition mechanism. Thermoelectricity develops rapidly, affecting the environment and energy security. Electricity resource structure changes, with the proportion of hydropower decreasing. Major and medium-sized hydropower projects have been mostly exploited. Researching the method of hydropower resource exploitation for the current context, especially with the electricity price mechanism, which is necessary and meaningful. This article presents the scientific basis, which provides method of hydropower resource exploitation in order to increase the operational efficiency of hydropower, at the same time reducing difficulty in mobilizing electricity resources and system costs. The obtained results from application for two Pleikrong and Ialy hydropower stations in Sesan rivers show the effectiveness of the methodology.