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Miễn dịch học thú y

Nguyễn Vũ Sơn, Nguyễn Hữu Nam, Bùi Trần Anh Đào(1), Bùi Thị Tố Nga(2), Nguyễn Thị Lan, Nguyễn Thị Hoa

Bệnh dịch tả lợn châu Phi - Tình hình nghiên cứu sản xuất vacxin và kinh nghiệm ứng phó của các nước

African Swine Fever: Current State in Vaccine Research and Action Experience for Effective Control f-rom Other Countries

Khoa học nông nghiệp Việt Nam

2018

12

1131-1142

2588-1299

An toàn sinh học, Dịch tả lợn châu Phi, Vacxin, Ứng phó

African swine fever, Biosecurity, Control, Prevention, Vaccines, Vietnam

Bệnh dịch tả lợn châu Phi (ASF) là một bệnh truyền nhiễm nguy hiểm gây sốt xuất huyết, có thể gây chết 100% các lợn mắc bệnh. ASF ban đầu xuất hiện tập trung ở các nước châu Phi, sau đó đã lan rộng ra các quốc gia thuộc Trung Âu, Đông Âu và Trung Quốc. Tại Việt Nam, ASF lần đầu phát hiện vào ngày 19/02/2019, đến 07/4/2019 đã có mặt ở 23 tỉnh thành phố, tập trung ở phía Bắc và một vài tỉnh miền Trung, dịch có xu hướng lan ra các tỉnh phía Nam. Dù hướng sản xuất vacxin nhược độc và vacxin dưới đơn vị rất triển vọng nhưng sự thiếu thông tin về sinh bệnh học của virus ASF, sự tương tác của nó với vật chủ hay đặc tính miễn dịch làm ảnh hưởng tới tiến độ sản xuất vacxin ASF. Do đó, tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt các biện pháp kiểm soát vệ sinh, an toàn sinh học là yếu tố quan trọng nhất trong việc ngăn chặn và phòng ngừa ASF hiện nay. Trong bài tổng hợp này, các thông tin về khó khăn và triển vọng trong nghiên cứu vacxin phòng bệnh cũng như kinh nghiệm ứng phó của các nước được đánh giá và thảo luận chi tiết. Đồng thời, các khuyến nghị phù hợp có thể áp dụng cho tình hình ASF trên đàn lợn Việt Nam cũng được đề xuất.

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral hemorrhagic fever, that can kill up to 100% of infected pigs. ASF is originally occurred in many African countries. Currently, the ASF has spread to central and eastern European countries and China. Since its first report on 19 February 2019 to 07 April 2019, twenty three provinces/cities in the North and Middle of Vietnam have been reported with ASF incidence and tend to spread to southern provinces. Although live-attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines may serve as promising candidates, the vaccine development against ASF has been hampered by large gaps in knowledge of the biology of ASF virus and its interaction with the hosts or immunity. Strict biosecurity remains the most crucial aspect in the control and spread of ASF between domestic pig farms. In this review, important information on dificulties and prospect for developing ASF vaccine as well as effective experience f-rom other countries were evaluated and discussed. Furthermore, the approp[riate recommendations applied to ASF situation in domestic pigs in Vietnam were provided.

TTKHCNQG, CTv 169

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