Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) is a crop which has high economic value. Many investigations are beginning ngcarried for selecting improved breeding lines of peanut. Most of agronomic traits are difficult to select in Arachis hypogaea L. by conventional selection techniques. In these techniques, assessing the parents as well as progeny often take time and difficult. Molecular markers allow more efficient selection. The study of genetic diversity among peanut cultivars plays an important role in the success of breeding programs, which ensures a high degree of genetic diversity among cultivars, improved yield, quality and disease resistance, and also in conservation of valuable genes. In this study, the authors have assessed the genetic diversity of fifty Vietnamese and imported peanut accessions using fifty six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 56 investigated SSR markers, 15 were polymorphic and the allele number of those ranged from 2 to 6. The means of polymorphic infonnation content (PIC) were from 0.3538 to 0.6983 with an average of 0.5455. Based on cluster analyses, 50 peanut accessions were divided into five groups. The genetic diversity coefficient ranged from 0.05 to 0.90. Based on studied results five promising cross pairs were suggested for developing peanut cultivars with good quality, high yield and resistant to bacterial wilt.
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