Knowledge changes every day and increases very rapidly, making high school curricula and textbooks unable to update and transmit knowledge to students promptly even when it is continuously innovative. In that situation, developing self-study capacity for students so that they can continuously supplement their knowledge and conduct lifelong self-study is an urgent requirement today. The study used theoretical research methods to review documents, thereby clarifying some concepts such as selfstudy capacity, project-based teaching, the structure of self-study capacity, and the role of project-based teaching in developing students' self-study capacity, propose the process of designing a learning project in teaching the topic “Microbial Biology” (Biology 10) to develop selfstudy capacity for students, and at the same time give an illustrative example for the process with learning project “Learning about products of fermentation technology” (Connecting knowledge to life - General education program 2018). The research results provide Biology teachers with important materials for designing lesson plans incorporating local practice to meet the requirements of the 2018 General Education Program.