China adopts a narrower interpretation of navigation freedom than the United States and Western countries do. This approach is embodied in several important domestic laws and freedom-of-navigation statements by Chinese officials. Accordingly, China's point of view is that coastal countries have the right to regulate that foreign military ships must get their permission to enter their territorial waters and have the right to restrict foreign military activities in their exclusive economic zone. In fact, China has put direct interference in these military activities, especially those conducted by the US Navy in the South China Sea. However, while restricting the rights of foreign warships in its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, China has begun to conduct innocent and unannounced passage in the territorial sea, and military activities in the territorial waters of other countries, as well as expand its control through the pursuit of even illegal claims in the South China Sea. This approach of China will have important implications for freedom of navigation, Sino-US competition, and maritime order in the South China Sea.
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