Red common carp are relatively common in different parts of North Vietnam and have been cultivated in highland regions for hundreds of years. In order to establish the taxonomic status and relationship of Vietnamese Red carp, samples from Cao Bang, Yen Bai, Bac Kan, Quang Binh, Dak Lak provinces were sequenced for a 745 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop gene region. Vietnamese White carp, Indonesian Yellow carp, Hungarian scale carp from Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1, Bac Ninh, Vietnam, Red carp from China and Koi carp from Japan were also sequenced for comparative purposes. Although, similarly of morphology colour but Red carps show significant variation in term of mitochondrial DNA data with high haplotype (0.80 + or - 0.17) and low nucleotide diversity (0.009 + or - 0.002). Genealogical analysis show that close relationship between Dak Lak, Bac Kan and Cao Bang carp but divergent Quang Binh, Yen Bai carp strain. Vietnamese Red carp strains are close Indonesian Yellow and divergent Chinese Red carp strains, Japanese Koi carp and Hungarian carp. The first molecular information of Red carp to assist conservation this species in Vietnam hve been proveded.
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