Based on the data collected by the surveys in 1994 and 2009-2010, and monitoring practices during 2002-2007, trends of changes of coral reefs in Nha Trang were analyzed using two indicator groups, including: ecological (habitat loss, community modification, and resource decline) and threats (anthropogenic and human). It is indicated that (1) habitat loss has occurred recently due to land filling for constructions; (2) Coral cover is maintained in well protected zone but declined in neashore and non-protected zones; (3) Changes of coral reef fish are not significant with dominance of small size, target species have not recovered following 8 years' management; (4) Density of benthic target species is still low and not recovered, showing after-effect of over-explo.itation; (5) The threats such as dynamite fishing and crown of thorn starfish break have become positive; (6) Living resources have not b?en improved after 8 years' management. In order to improve managemerzt effectiveness for sustainable use of coral reefs in Nha Trang bay, some solutions are recommended as follows: Enhancement of MPA management activities, considering involvement of local communities in enforcement and resource use; Encouraging participation of tourist sector in management and sustainable use of coral reefs; Creation of new tourist sites by rehabilitation and artificial reefs to reduce pressures to existing coral reefs; Communication with right methods to right audience; and monitoring and evaluation for adaptive management.
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