The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) was employed in this study in order to quantify levels of vulnerability due to Climate Change (CC) to the livelihood of ethnic groups living in 03 districts of Minh Hoa, Bo Trach, and Quang Ninh, Quang Binh province, adjacent to Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park–the UNESCO World Natural Heritage. The multiple–criteria comprise 64 sub–components, 7 key components, including Natural disasters and climate change variability (E), Health care (S1), Food supply (S2), Access to facilities (S3), Livelihoods (AC1), Socio–demographics (AC2), Social networks (AC3), and divided into 3 components according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including Exposure (E), Sensitivity (S), Adaptive capacity (AC). The results show that the impact of CC on the livelihood of ethnic groups in the study area seem to be high, however, (AC) has not been developed sufficiently to respond to the phenomena of extreme and unpredictable weather and climate, etc. LVI assessment approach will assist local authorities, policy makers to monitor the levels of vulnerability, therefore, serving as a basis for development of proposing policy to promote the diversification of livelihoods, to improve adaptive capacity to CC, and contributing to improvement the quality of life, especially in the context of CC.