In Vietnam, a large amount of rice straw waste is generated during rice production, estimated at 64,139 million tons/year. The current treatment of straw waste is causing bad impacts on the environment. This paper studies the process of processing rice straw into activated ash to make mineral additives in cement and concrete production. Straw after being collected and burned at 5 different temperature levels (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 oC) for a constant temperature of 120 minutes. After cooling, the straw ash is finely ground through a 0,14 mm sieve. The results of analysis and evaluation of the properties of straw ash showed that: SiO2 content in rice straw ash reached 47,20- 50,23%; When using straw ash to replace 10% of cement, the Ca(OH)2 content in the cement stone was reduced by 31-37,5% at the age of 7 days and 31,2-46% at the age of 28 days compared to the control sample. However, the strength activity index of the binder rock samples made from standard cement mortar has: binder consisting of 90% cement + 10% ash; standard sand (C/CKD ratio = 2,75) and N/CKD ratio = 0,5 at the age of 7 days reached from 97-105,55%, at the age of 28 days reached from 90,4-101,7% compared to the control sample. This result proves that the fabricated straw ash meets the requirements as a highly active mineral additive for cement according to TCVN 8827:2011. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that it is possible to build a process to treat rice straw waste into highly active ash not only to replace a part of clinker in cement production, thereby reducing emissions. carbon dioxide (CO2) in the cement production process; but also contribute to environmental protection while reducing the amount of cement used.