During the exploitation and use of the storage tanks, they are often subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquakes and explosions. The design and construction of specific works such as liquid storage tanks subject to special effects (earthquakes, explosions) with high accuracy and safety has attracted the attention of scientists. However, the calculation of the explosive load and the ability to withstand the bursting wave load for the liquid tank is complicated and expensive. Therefore, the study, calculation and simulation of the effect of explosive loads on the liquid tank is a practical issue that needs to be considered, which will help reduce the cost of testing as well as damage to people and property. This paper presents a method of calculating and simulating the structure of a liquid storage tank under the impact of explosive waves using Abaqus software. Through numerical tests, the influence of load determination methods, the influence of surface waves and liquid level height on the calculation results of the liquid storage tank structure has been studied.