Biosphere reserves (BR) are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystem which promote solutions that reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. Biosphere reserves serve in some ways as "living laboratories" for testing and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity. BR is internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Program. The MAB Program aims at solving one of the most important practical problems that people are facing today: how to strike a balance between biodiversity conservation, natural resources exploitation and socio-economic development that maintaining traditional cultural values to meet the increasing needs of people. It combines the natural and social sciences with a view to improving human livelihoods and safeguarding natural and ecosystems, thus promoting innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate and environmentally sustainable. Vietnam currently has 11 BRs scattered across the length of the country and contains an important set of typical ecological, cultural and economic diversity of Vietnam. This article presents the current status of management of Vietnam's BRs, opportunities, challenges, and some recommendations on effective management of these areas