From the past to the present, cultural exchange is still the flow throughout the development of human history. Since ancient times, the process of cultural exchange between East and West has been strongly promoted. Through the paths from war, trade, migration, to evangelism, these civilizations have come into contact and learned from each other to form extremely diverse cultures. The cultural exchange relationship between Rome and Southeast Asia that has been going on since ancient times has always been of interest to scientists, but for various reasons there is little published work on cul tural exchange activities between these two regions. On the basis of the analysis of the impact factors, the article clarifies the manifestations of cultural exchange between Rome and Southeast Asia in var ious fields, thereby affirming the nature of the cultural exchange relationship between the two regions; at the same time, clearly position the important role of the cultural exchange process and orient the process of preserving the identity of each nation-state.