Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex Lecomte is belonging to the Diospyros genus is an endangered species in the IUCN Red List 2013. This research mentioned to genetic characteristic of 21 D. mrin samples have collected from 7 populations in 6 provinces including: Ninh Thuan, Khanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Tuyen Quang, Ninh Binh and Hoa Binh based on analysis of nucleotide sequence of the ITS-rDNA (ITS1. 5.8S, ITS2) gene. The ITS-rDNA gene size is 543 nucleotide had identified and used for analysis of their classification position. There are 460 conservative nucleotide positions and 73 change positions with 55 sites contain genetic information. The results showed that the sequence divergence was fount in ITS-rDNA between samples studied and low genetic distance 0 percent between Cam Thinh Dong/Cam Thinh Tay and highly genetic distance between Cuc Phuong National Park/Nui Chua National Park, Cuc Phuong National Park/Cam Thinh Tay and Cuc Phuong National Park/Cam Thinh Tay (11,6 percent). The authors had based on nucleotide sequence analysis method of the ITS-rDNA gene by NJ (Neighbor Joining) and noticed that the genetic relationship among D. mun populations divided into 2 main groups: One group included 3 populations of Cam Thinh Dong, Cam Thinh Tay and Nui Chua National Park. The second group included 4 populations of Phong Nha- Ke Bang National Park, Ngoc Son and Na Hang Nature Reserve but the population of Phong Nha- Ke Bang National Park has separated. The genetic relationship of species/gender in Diospyros genus has showed that they have the same evolutionary origin.
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