The surveys for insect and mite pests of market crops in Vietnam have been conducted at the Plant Protection Research Institute during 2006 - 2010. This paper presents the main findings of these surveys. In total 531 species of insects and mites have been recorded on 19 crops in the whole country during 2006 - 2010. They belong to 9 orders of insects and 1 order of mites. These species were concentrated in orders of Lepidoptera (155 species). Homoptera (146 species). Coleoptera (93 species). Hemiptera (58 species) and Orthoptera (29 species). Other orders have less recorded species (ranged from 1 to 17 species). Among the identified species, 22 species are new for the entomofauna of Vietnam, namely Nilaparvata bakeri Muir, Laodelphax striatellus (Fall.). Aleurocanthus citriperdus Quaintance Pygomenida bengalensis (Westw.), Pygomenida varipennis (Westw.). Scotinophara scotti (Horv.) (Hemiptera); Euproctis crocea Worbis. Orvasca subnotata Walk. (Lepidoptera); Contarinia sp. Procontarinia mangicola (Shi) (Diptera). The investigated crops with the highest recorded number of pest species are orange - tree (84 species), rice (78 species), pomelo (70 species) and mango (61 species). Other investigated crops have less-recorded number species of pests (ranged from 18 to 53 species).