The Vietnamese accounting system was built according to the market economy orientation from the 1990s until before 2001, the Law on Accounting and Vietnamese accounting standards both stipulate the use of historical cost as the basis for calculating the carrying cost principal. However, in order to ensure that the Vietnamese accounting system is harmonized and compatible with the accounting systems of other countries, it is necessary to study and use other valuation bases other than the original price. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to replace the original cost model with other pricing models such as: net realizable value, current price, fair value, etc., in which fair value has been calculated. Legalized by Article 28 of the 2015 Accounting Law and guiding circulars, accordingly, the fair value will be officially applied in the Vietnamese accounting system from January 1, 2017. Studying the current situation of applying fair value when initially recognized in accounting at listed companies to come up with suitable solutions.