Numerical modeling of climatic processes is based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (with scalar viscosity) taking account of the gravity and Cciriolis forces (the equation of heat influx with scalar turbulent heat conductivity). These equations are solved for the ocean and the atmosphere proceeding from the real bottom and land topography. On the inter-phase boundaries (atmosphere-ocean, atmosphere-land), use is made, of the empirical formulas (of parameterization) for heat exchange and stress between air and fluid, between air and hard land. Solutions are sought on a three-dimensional finite-difference grid of the ocean and the atmosphere size with the use of numerical codes for supercomputers. The smaller the grid cell sizes, the more precise and more detailed the solution but the more powerful the computer should. be. Modern supercomputers make it possible to assimilate tens of millions of cells. This means that cell sizes are 10-100 km horizontally over the whole Earth's surface and about 0.1-1 krn vertically.
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