Thoai Son District in An Giang Province is one of the primary rice-producing regions in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta, with an annual cultivated area of 113,300 hectares and an estimated rice yield of approximately 765,000 tons. Vinh Trach Commune, in particular, cultivates over 1,310 hectares of arable land across three rice crops annually, contributing significantly to food security and local agricultural economic development. However, the substantial volume of rice straw generated after each harvest presents a growing challenge for post-harvest waste management. Open-field burning remains the most prevalent method of straw treatment, despite its environmental consequences, including emissions of CO₂, NOx,… that contribute to air pollution and climate change. To better understand current straw management practices and assess the potential for more sustainable al-ternatives, this study conducted a field survey in Vinh Trach Commune, involving 50 farming households. The findings reveal that a majority of farmers continue to adopt straw burning as the primary method for pathogen control and soil nutrient replenishment across all three cropping seasons, especially in the Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn seasons. Nonetheless, farmers have initially applied straw treatment methods to replace burning, including incorporating straw into the soil during the rainy season to utilize straw as natural organic fertilizer. In addition, some farmers have used straw for mushroom cultivation or sold it to generate supplemental income, but not significantly. While adoption remains limited, these methods demonstrate potential to mitigate environmental impacts and promote the transition toward more sustainable agricultural practices in the region.