This study aimed to analyze the effect of hydrogeological conditions and surcharge loads on the stability of Cha Va’s river banks in Vinh Long province. Satellite images were loaded from Google Earth and used to analyze the current erosion of the river banks and the urbanization process along the river banks. Primary and secondary data such as topographic, geological, hydrological data, and waves induced by ship motions were collected and analyzed. The factor of safety was used to analyze the levels of stability of the river banks. Input data was employed from the primary and secondary data such as geology, water levels, wave load, and surcharge loads due to urbanization. Measured flow velocity was compared with the allowed nonerosion velocity of the bed-sediment to examine the potential erosion caused by flow velocity. The results show that erosion and deposition have been happening along the studied river banks. Flow velocity is one of the reasons causing river bank erosion. The integrated effects of soft soil, water level fluctuation, wave load, and surcharge loads is found to be the cause of instability of the Cha Va's riverbank