This study was conducted to measure the impact of the characteristics of Vietnamese enterprises on the decision to export to three main markets: Asia, Europe and America. The data is collected from the annual enterprise survey set by the General Statistics Office (GSO) with about 300,000 enterprises in Vietnam. In addition, a survey data set to expand competitiveness and technology by the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), the General Statistics Office (GSO) and the Development Economics Research Group (DERG) conducted a survey with more than 8,000 enterprises in Vietnam in the period 2014 - 2015. Logit regression model and STATA14 software were used for this study. The research results show that the factor of production level positively affects the decision to choose export markets of Vietnamese enterprises. In addition, other factors such as prices, taxes, R&D activities of enterprises, source material, assets, profits, business size, qualifications, gender, age, product prices, taxes have multi-dimensional effects depending on the characteristics of the market that wants to export. Based on the research results, the authors compare the effects of the variables on the three markets and make recommendations to choose the right market for Vietnamese enterprises today.