Given the impact of the fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), Vietnam's workforce faces many challenges in developing its socio-economic integration towards globalization, not only in terms of professional skills but also in the readiness of the domestic industry. This article discusses the requirements for developing high-quality human resources, education, and training to meet the needs of Industry 4.0. Firstly, the article evaluates the readiness of the current workforce and industrial system in Vietnam as relatively limited. Specifically, while the individual skills of workers to meet the demands of Industry 4.0 are at a low to medium level, over 87% of Vietnamese enterprises are found to be not ready for Industry 4.0. Secondly, the article identifies some criteria for developing human resources at both macros (17 criteria) and micro (individual skills) levels as necessary for the fourth revolution. These criteria are assessed based on (i) the practical needs of businesses; (ii) the specific context of Vietnam; and (iii) the current theoretical framework for human resource development. Accordingly, the study proposes some core requirements for developing human resources, education, and training systems in the upcoming period to adapt to Industry 4.0, including (i) policy coherence at the national policy level; (ii) practical efficiency in organizing and connecting relevant parties; and (iii) the development of individual skills for the workforce.
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