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Phạm Thị Vấn, Phạm Thị Bền(1), Sharynne McLeod, Võ Nguyên Trung

Tổng quan các tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói ở trẻ em

Review of diagnostic criteria for speech sound disorders in children

Khoa học (Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội)

2021

4AB

82-97

2354-1075

Tổng quan, Tiêu chuẩn, Chẩn đoán, Rối loạn âm lời nói, Trẻ em

Children, diagnostic criteria, review, speech sound disorder

Rối loạn âm lời nói là một dạng rối loạn giao tiếp phổ biến và có ảnh hưởng lâu dài ở trẻ em. Việc chẩn đoán và đánh giá rối loạn âm lời nói có vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình can thiệp, giúp xác định được tình trạng rối loạn âm lời nói, hỗ trợ thiết lập mục tiêu, lên kế hoạch can thiệp và kiểm soát sự tiến bộ của trẻ. Nhằm mục đích xác định và mô tả các tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói ở trẻ em, bài báo này sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu tổng quan mô tả và phân tích nội dung từ 14 nghiên cứu ở 6 nước khác nhau trên thế giới. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy, tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói ở trẻ em được đề cập trong 14 nghiên cứu bao gồm: 1) phần trăm âm vị đúng (ví dụ, phần trăm phụ âm đúng, phần trăm nguyên âm đúng); 2) quy trình âm vị; 3) sự “lo lắng” của phụ huynh và giáo viên về lời nói và phát âm của trẻ; và 4) tính dễ hiểu lời nói của trẻ. Mặc dù điểm trung bình phần trăm âm vị đúng khác nhau ở các nghiên cứu nhưng điểm trung bình phần trăm âm vị đúng để xác định rối loạn âm lời nói ở trẻ em trong các nghiên cứu được xác định là thấp hơn điểm trung bình theo 4 mức: 1 độ lệch chuẩn, 1,33 độ lệch chuẩn, 1,5 độ lệch chuẩn và 2 độ lệch chuẩn. Quy trình âm vị được xác định là tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói là những quy trình âm vị ít hoặc hiếm gặp hoặc bất thường so với quy trình âm vị ở trẻ bình thường. Trẻ rối loạn âm lời nói đều có lo lắng của cha mẹ và giáo viên về tình trạng phát âm. Điểm trung bình của tính dễ hiểu lời nói được đo bằng Thang đo tính dễ hiểu theo ngữ cảnh được xác định là ở dưới mức 4 điểm. Bài báo tổng quan mô tả về các tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói ở trẻ em này góp phần cung cấp thông tin hữu ích trong lượng giá và chẩn đoán rối loạn âm lời nói

Speech sound disorders (SSD) is a common communication disorder with long-term consequences in children. Diagnosis and assessment play an important role in the identification of SSD and its severity, to assist goal setting and intervention planning and to measure progression. In order to define and describe diagnostic criteria regarding SSD in children, this review paper uses content analysis of 14 studies reporting on children with SSD. Results reveal that diagnostic criteria for SSD in children include: 1) Mean scores of percentage phonemes correct (e.g., percentage of consonants correct, PCC, and percentage of vowels correct, PVC); 2) phonological processes; 3) “concern” from parents, teachers, and children themselves about children’s speech and pronunciation; and 4) children's speech intelligibility. While mean scores of the percentage of consonants correct were varied between studies, diagnostic criteria for identifying SSD were achieving a PCC score between one and two standard deviations below the mean for the child’s age. Some children with SSD were reported to use phonological processes that are occasional (>10%) and rare (>5%), or are still being used at an older age compared to typically developing children. Many children with SSD had parents and teachers who were concerned about their speech and pronunciation. Mean scores of young children’s speech intelligibility measured by the Intelligibility in Context Scale were typically below 4.0. This review provides useful information and a foundation for research and clinical practice in a language in which diagnosis criteria for SSD have not been established. 

TTKHCNQG, CVv 157

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