The investigation on the relationship between international trade and environmental protection through game theory has been performed to clarify the new research direction on the development coordination of the research subjects. In addition, further analysis in the obstacles to synchronous development between international trade and environmental protection has been conducted. Game theory is used to analyze the model between international trade and environmental protection. Analysis of the results shows that game theory puts two subjects international trade and environmental protection into a “dilemma”, but the bilateral cooperation may destroy this dilemma, moreover, analysis through game theory helps to solve the problem of environmental protection and achieve the synchronous development of international trade liberalization.