Humanity has experienced three industrial revolutions and is entering the fourth industrial revolution era. Industry 4.0 promises new breakthroughs in all areas of life, helping to connect globally and especially connecting 54 ethnic groups, including 53 ethnic minorities, which account for more than 14% of the Vietnamese population. The project “Digitalized Vietnamese knowledge system” approved by the Prime Minister is a game-changer for Vietnam in the process of international integration, but at the same time poses many challenges concerning human resource development for Vietnam in general, and in ethnic minority areas in particular. This study aims to identify the barriers in order to propose solutions and recommendations for policies to develop human resources of ethnic minorities in Vietnam in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.