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Phạm Minh Hằng(1), Phạm Anh Hùng, Nguyễn Nam Hùng, Chu Thị Thu Thủy, Lê Đắc Vinh, Phạm Thành Nhương, Trần Hùng, Hoàng Thị Ngọc Diệp, Trần Công Tám, Nguyễn Văn Thuận, Đỗ Văn Chung, Huỳnh Ngọc Diệp, Mai Xuân Lý, Nguyễn Thị Hồng Loan, Lê Thị Mai Khanh

Nghiên cứu đặc điểm dịch tễ, xác định yếu tố tự nhiên và xã hội liên quan đến bệnh viêm da nổi cục ở trâu, bò tại một số tỉnh của Việt Nam

Epidemiological study, identifying social and climate factors related to lumpy skin disease in cattle, buffaloes in some provinces of Viet Nam

Tạp chí Khoa học kỹ thuật Thú y

2024

5

Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là tiến hành một nghiên cứu hồi cứu về dịch tễ học của bệnh viêm da nổi cục (VDNC) tại 12 tỉnh thuộc 7 vùng sinh thái nông nghiệp của Việt Nam ở mức hộ chăn nuôi và xác định các yếu tố tự nhiên, xã hội ảnh hưởng đến hệ sinh thái của virus gây bệnh VDNC. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bò cái mẫn cảm với bệnh VDNC hơn bò đực. Tỷ lệ trâu nước mắc bệnh cao hơn trâu lai. Trong 9 giống bò điều tra, tỷ lệ bò vàng nội địa và bò lai Sind mắc bệnh thấp hơn 4 giống bò ngoại nhưng cao hơn 3 giống bò ngoại còn lại. Nhóm tuổi mắc bệnh nhiều nhất ở trâu, bò là trên 25 tháng tuổi. Hộ có quy mô đàn từ 1-3 con trâu, bò có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VDNC cao nhất. Vào mùa xuân và mùa hè (hay mùa mưa); hộ chăn nuôi trâu, bò có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VDNC cao hơn mùa thu và mùa đông (hoặc mùa khô). Tháng 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; hộ chăn nuôi trâu, bò có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VDNC cao hơn các tháng còn lại trong năm. Ở vùng đồng bằng và miền núi, hộ chăn nuôi trâu, bò có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh VDNC cao hơn ở vùng trung du và cao nguyên. Các vùng sinh thái nông nghiệp gồm trung du và miền núi phía Bắc, Nam Trung Bộ, Đông Nam Bộ có tỷ lệ gia súc mắc bệnh trên 10%. Tỷ lệ số hộ gia đình có gia súc mắc bệnh VDNC ở khu vực nội địa cao hơn ở khu vực biên giới. Tám tỉnh có tỷ lệ trâu, bò mắc bệnh VDNC là trên 10%. Năm 2022, yếu tố tự nhiên (lượng mưa) có liên quan chặt chẽ đến tỷ lệ trâu, bò mắc bệnh VDNC.

The objective of this study aimed at conducting a retrospective study on the epidemiology of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in twelve provinces on seven agro-ecological areas of Viet Nam at the household farm level and identifying the natural and social factors affected to the ecology of virus caused LSD. The studied results showed that female cattle were more susceptible to LSDV than male cattle. The infection rate of Vietnamese water buffaloes was higher than that of the hybrid buffaloes. Among 9 investigated cattle breeds, the infection rates of the indigenous yellow cattle and Sind hybrid cattle breeds were lower than that of 4 exotic cattle breeds but higher than 3 remaining exotic cattle breeds. The age group of cattle and buffaloes with the most infection rate was at over 25 months old. The infection rate of the household farms with the herd size of 1-3 animals was highest. In Spring and Summer (or the rainy season), the infection rate of cattle and buffaloes was higher than in Autumn and Winter, (or the dry season). In April, May, June, August, and September, the infection rate of the cattle and buffaloes with LSD was higher than in the remaining months of year. The infection rate of the cattle and buffaloes raising in the delta and mountainous areas was higher in comparison with the midland and highland areas. The agro-ecological regions, including the Northern Midlands and Mountains, the South Central region, and the Southeast region, had the infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD more than 10%. The infection of the household farms with LSD in the inland regions was higher than in the border regions The infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD in 8 provinces was more than 10%. In 2022, natural factor (rainfall) was closely related to the infection rate of cattle and buffaloes with LSD.

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