Adapted from resource-based theory, this study aims to propose and test a theoretical model of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies and their innovation performance (INP) via the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC). This investigation employed a questionnaire-based survey method to collect data using convenience sampling. This reasearch collected 385 valid responses from respondents who are managers at enterprises in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Ho Chi Minh City. The empirical results showed that CSR positively affected innovation performance in ICT firms, and this effect was positively mediated by intellectual capital. However, compared with human capital and structural capital, relational capital played a stronger role in mediating the relationship between CSR and innovation performance. The present research provided insights for understanding the CSR-INP relationship and had important managerial implications for firms to manage their CSR and intellectual capital strategies and improve their innovation performance to achieve competitive advantage.