To develop the Bio-pharmacology major at the university level, a comprehensive survey ofinvertebrate arthropods (Arthropoda) and annelids (Annelida) utilized as Vietnamese traditionalmedicines was conducted. The survey was organized according to six criteria: (1) Vietnamese andmedicinal name, (2) classification and scientific name, (3) distribution and habitat, (4) medicinalproperties, (5) pharmaceutical effects, (6) discussion and comments.A total of fifty-one invertebrate species were identified, comprising forty-six arthropod species andfive annelid species used in traditional medicine. Among these, the phylum Arthropoda includes fourclasses (Insecta, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda), seventeen orders and forty-six species species.The phylum Annelida comprises four classes (Oligochaeta, Polygochaeta, Hirudinea, Sipunculidae),five orders, and five species. According to class, the number of species used in traditional medicinesdecreases as follows: Insecta is the most numerous, followed by Diplopoda and Oligochaeta, eachrepresented by two orders and two species. The four classes Chilopoda, Polygochaeta, Hirudinea andSipunculidae each have one order and one species.Insecta is the class with the dominant species number, used in traditional Vietnamese medicines,with 40/51 species, accounting for 78.43%. The distribution of insect species across increasinglyorders is as follows: Thysanura = Mantoptera = Termites = Isoptera = Diptera = Siphonaptera, allhave 1 species. Then the orders Odonata = Blattoptera = Lepidoptera, all have 2 species, and theOrthoptera = Hemynoptera, all have 5 species. The Hemiptera and Coleoptera have the most species,with 9 and 11 species, respectively. Notably, the species giant water bug Lethocerus indicus, has beenlisted in the Vietnam Red Data Book since 1992. This highlights the necessity to adhere to Vietnam'sdiversity laws when exploiting and using these species.