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Vũ Phương Nhung, Trần Thị Bích Ngọc, Nguyễn Đăng Tôn(1), Lê Thị Thu Hiền, Nguyễn Thùy Dương, Nguyễn Quang Thạch, Nông Văn Hải, Nguyễn Hải Hà

Đặc điểm di truyền ở bệnh nhân Covid-19: tình hình nghiên cứu, triển vọng và thách thức trong điều trị Covid-19

Host genetic variation and Covid-19 disease: recent discoveries, prospects and challenges in the treatment of Covid-19

Khoa học & công nghệ Việt Nam

2022

5B

40 - 50

1859-4794

Biến thể di truyền, Covid-19, Di truyền cơ thể chủ, GWAS, SARS-CoV-2

Covid-19, Genetic variant, GWAS, Host genetics, SARS-CoV-2

Sự xuất hiện của virus viêm đường hô hấp cấp SARS-CoV-2 đã dẫn đến đại dịch Covid-19 trên toàn thế giới. Xác định các yếu tố nguy cơ khiến bệnh tiến triển nặng cũng như đánh giá mức độ đa dạng về tình trạng bệnh của người nhiễm SARS-CoV-2 đã trở thành một trong những mối quan tâm hàng đầu của các nhà khoa học. Các yếu tố nguy cơ đã biết bao gồm tuổi cao và bệnh nền của bệnh nhân có liên quan đến tình trạng bệnh Covid-19 tiến triển nặng. Ngoài ra, hàng loạt nghiên cứu bệnh/chứng, mô phỏng, docking, dự đoán in silico cũng như đánh giá tương quan toàn hệ gen đã được thực hiện trên nhiều quần thể người khác nhau gần đây đã đạt được một số kết quả quan trọng. Trong đó, các nhóm gen được báo cáo nhiều nhất nằm trong các con đường nhiễm của SARS-CoV-2, phản ứng miễn dịch của cơ thể chủ và gen quy định nhóm máu. Các biến thể di truyền hoặc locus gen có thể đóng vai trò bảo vệ cơ thể, tăng tính mẫn cảm hoặc có liên quan đến tình trạng bệnh nặng hay tử vong đã được phân tích chi tiết. Mặc dù các kết quả tổng hợp đều được rút ra thông qua các phân tích thông kê, mô phỏng, nhưng đây là những thông tin khởi đầu rất có ý nghĩa cho những nghiên cứu sâu về cơ chế bệnh sinh của Covid-19 và y học cá thể hóa trong tương lai.

The emergence of the acute respiratory infection virus SARS-CoV-2 has spread the Covid-19 pandemic over the world. Identifying the risk factors relevant to Covid-19 clinical features, given the striking difference in the clinical symptoms observed f-rom SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, have become one of the primary concerns among scientists. It has been well-known that host factors such as older age and comorbidities are associated with higher severity. Recently, numerous case/ control studies, simulations, docking, in silico prediction, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed in various human populations have achieved many significant results. The reported genetic variants were mostly categorised into the SARS-CoV-2 entry pathway, host immune responses and ABO blood groups. Genetic variants or loci that may play a protective role, increase susceptibility or be associated with severity/ mortality have been analysed in detail. Despite the results being all drawn through statistical analysis and simulation, the knowledge still deserves consideration as supporting materials for in-depth studies on the pathogenesis of Covid-19 and personalised medicine in the forthcoming years.

TTKHCNQG, CVv 8

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