To date, there have been numerous studies examining ethnic relations in our nation from various perspectives. However, there remains a dearth of research on the role of ethnic relations in the socio-economic development, national security, and safety assurance within the border regions of Vietnam. Drawing upon field data gathered in 2022 and 2023 from three border communes/towns in the provinces of Quang Ninh, Cao Bang, and Lao Cai (refer to Bui Thi Bich Lan’s article in this edition for further details), as well as consulting other sources, this article is focused on elucidating several issues related to ethnic relations in the contemporary development of the Vietnam-China border area. The findings of this research reveal that ethnic relations play a pivotal role in advancing production, expanding the cultivation of cash crops, livestock, and non-agricultural industries, managing society, and preserving and promoting the cultural values of various ethnic groups. These factors contribute to the broader development of our national culture. Nonetheless, ethnic relations in this region continue to heavily rely on development policies, particularly those crafted by the Party and State concerning ethnic affairs. These policies encompass areas such as socioeconomic advancement, job creation, income generation, village management, enhancement of public knowledge, healthcare, the preservation, and elevation of ethnic cultural values, and the development of our national culture.